Approaches Quantum Teleportation Sci Fi Level

rewmembers aboard the starship Enterprise on the iconic TV series "Star Trek" could "beam up" from planets to starships, making travel between great distances look easy. While these capabilities are clearly fictional, researchers have now performed "quantum teleportation" of laser pulses over several miles within two city networks of fiber optics.Although the method described in the research will not replace city subways or buses with transporter booths, it could help lead to hack-proof telecommunications networks, as well as a "quantum internet" to help extraordinarily powerful quantum computers talk to one another.Teleporting an object from one point in the universe to another without it moving through the space in between may sound like science fiction, but quantum physicists have actually been experimenting with quantum teleportation since 1998. The current distance record for quantum teleportation — a feat announced in 2012 — is about 89 miles (143 kilometers), between the two Canary Islands of La Palma and Tenerife, off the northwest coast of Africa.
Quantum teleportation relies on the bizarre nature of quantum physics, which finds that the fundamental building blocks of the universe, such as subatomic particles, can essentially exist in two or more places at once. Specifically, quantum teleportation depends on a strange phenomenon known as "quantum entanglement," in which objects can become linked and influence each other instantaneously, no matter how far apart they are.Currently, researchers cannot teleport matter (say, a human) across space, but they can use quantum teleportation to beam information from one place to another. The quantum teleportation of an electron, for example, would first involve entangling a pair of electrons. Next, one of the two electrons — the one to be teleported — would stay in one place while the other electron would be physically transported to whatever destination is desired.Then, the fundamental details or "quantum state" of the electron to be teleported are analyzed — an act that also destroys its quantum state. Finally, that data is sent to the destination, where it can be used on the other electron to recreate the first one, so that it is indistinguishable from the original. For all intents and purposes, that electron has teleported. (Because the data is sent using regular signals such as light pulses or electrons, quantum teleportation can proceed no faster than the speed of light.)
Now, two research groups independently report quantum teleportation over several miles of fiber-optic networks in the cities of Hefei, China, and Calgary, Alberta. The scientists detailed their findings online Sept. 19 in two independent papers in the journal Nature Photonics.Quantum teleportation is the key to many potential future technologies. For instance, quantum cryptography could use quantum teleportation to transmit data securely between two points in a way that can automatically detect any intrusion. In addition, people could use quantum teleportation in a "quantum internet" to share data with quantum computers, which previous research suggested could run more calculations in an instant than there are atoms in the universe. [8 Ways You Can See Einstein's Theory of Relativity in Real Life]"In the future, if you have a quantum computer, if users wanted to use it, they could send data to the quantum computer and get results, just like with modern cloud computation," Qiang Zhang, a quantum engineer at the University of Science and Technology of China and co-senior author of the Hefei work, told Live Science.Each of the two quantum-teleportation experiments involved communication across up to 7.7 miles (12.5 km) between three distinct locations to mimic the structure of future quantum networks. The only previous experiment with such a three-lab setup involved distances of less than 0.6 miles (1 km).Previous experiments involving a three-lab setup used pulses of visible light, which cannot travel great distances within optical fibers. In contrast, the new studies employed the kind of infrared light often used in everyday telecommunications networks, which can travel farther. They also used pre-existing fiber-optic networks in each city.Long-distance quantum teleportation involves laser beams that are synchronized until they are indistinguishable from each other down to the level of single photons, even after zipping through several miles of fiber optics laid within changing environments. Both research teams benefited from recent improvements in single-photon detectors made by the telecommunications industry, the researchers said."We are proud that the results observed in field tests have not degraded compared with those observed in laboratory tests," Qi-Chao Sun, a quantum engineer at the University of Science and Technology of China and lead author of the Hefei study, told Live Science. "This means that our system is robust against noises arising from complex environments in the real world."The Calgary experiment had a faster teleportation rate of about 17 photons per minute (or 1,020 per hour), compared to about two photons per hour for the Hefei experiment. However, the procedures the Calgary researchers carried out to accomplish these teleportation speeds limit its immediate practical applications, Frederic Grosshans, a quantum information researcher at the University of Paris-Sud in France, said in a review of both teams' studies.Both research teams also used a variety of methods to keep lasers synchronized with one another. Each group used a different technique, which suggests that elements from both strategies could be combined for even better results, Grosshans wrote in his review.One future direction will be to extend quantum teleportation networks "to 100-kilometer [60 miles] scales, which will allow intercity quantum teleportation," Sun said. This will involve improving detector efficiency and suppressing sources of interference, Sun added.

Measure of Magnetic field in Vicinity of Black hole

Specialists Measure Magnetic Fields in the Vicinity of a Black Hole . Cosmologists Measure Magnetic Fields in the Vicinity of the Central Black Hole
World by radio light: NGC 1052 at three-millimeter wavelength, saw by the Global Millimeter VLBI Array. The outline demonstrates an exceptionally conservative locale at the inside and two planes indicating in inverse bearings (base), and in addition a representation of the framework with a growth circle and areas with trapped attractive fields shaping two intense planes (top). The minimized area pinpoints the area of the supermassive dark gap at the focal point of NGC 1052; the huge attractive fields encompassing the occasion skyline trigger the two intense planes saw by the radio telescopes. A group of scientists has measured the attractive fields in the region of the supermassive dark gap at the focal point of NGC 1052. Two molecule planes shoot out from the heart of dynamic cosmic system NGC 1052 at the rate of light, clearly starting in the region of an enormous dark opening. A group of scientists headed by Anne-Kathrin Baczko from the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy Bonn have now measured the attractive fields around there. They watched the splendid, exceptionally minimized structure of only two light days in size utilizing a worldwide troupe of millimeter-wavelength telescopes. The attractive field esteem recorded at the occasion skyline of the dark opening was somewhere around 0.02 and 8.3 tesla. The group reasons that the attractive fields give enough attractive vitality to control the twin planes. The strategy used to research points of interest at the focal point of system NGC 1052 is known as long-gauge interferometry (VLBI), and can possibly find the bases of planes at little length scales. Truth be told, these most recent perceptions stretch out up near the occasion skyline of the focal force source – a supermassive dark opening. The occasion skyline denote the limit between free space and the gravitational draw of the dark gap, past which no radiation can get away. The dark opening itself stays undetectable, in any case, so its careful position must be induced by implication by following the plane positions relying upon their wavelengths. The obscure counterbalance separation of the plane base from the dark gap makes it hard to decide central physical properties, for example, attractive field qualities and molecule thickness. In any case, the striking symmetry in these most recent perceptions of the twin planes in NGC 1052 permits space experts to pinpoint the genuine focus of action inside the focal structure. Stand out plane is seen in most different cosmic systems, yet the symmetrical planes of NGC 1052 permit extraordinary exactness in deciding the "middle" and along these lines additionally the area of the force source.

Except for our own particular Milky Way, this is the most exactly known area of a supermassive dark opening in the universe. "NGC 1052 is really a key source, since it pinpoints specifically and unambiguously the position of a dark gap", says Anne-Kathrin Baczko, who did this examination at the Universities of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Wurzburg, and at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy. NGC 1052 is a curved system at a separation of around 60 million light years toward the heavenly body Cetus (the Whale). The attractive field at the supermassive dark gap was dictated by measuring the minimization and splendor of the focal area of NGC 1052, yielding qualities somewhere around 0.02 and 8.3 tesla. (By method for correlation, Earth's attractive field is just around 50 microtesla.) The focal area shows up as a solid radio source with a breadth of only 57 microarcseconds: equal in size to a DVD on the surface of the moon.

This bewildering determination was acquired by the Global mm VLBI Array, a system of radio telescopes in Europe, the USA and East Asia, oversaw by the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn. "It yields extraordinary picture sharpness and is forthcoming connected to achieve occasion skyline scales in adjacent items", says Eduardo Ros, a Max Planck scientist who teamed up in the task.

Carbon Nanotubes comes closer to mass production

NanoTubeFeature

In the course of recent years, elective materials like graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been touted as potential answers for the silicon scaling issues that have left existing chip to a great extent stuck between 3.5 – 5GHz. In both cases, research into the new materials has attempted to make items that could be marketed. Neither has progressed to the point where they could be coordinated into extensive scale fabricating. Scientists at the University of Wisconsin have as of late declared a leap forward, however — one that could lead, in the long haul, to beneficial arrangements that join carbon nanotubes in transportation products.One of the basic issues confronting carbon nanotubes is the trouble of putting them definitely where they're required. Previously, producers have accomplished 88-94% exactness. In 2013, we expounded on another sorting strategy that could accomplish 95-98% exactness — still well beneath the evaluated 99.96% accuracy the ITRS guides at the time had assessed would be required for business fabricating. Presently, the University of Wisconsin has guaranteed it can accomplish virtue rates of up to 99.98%.[Constraints] in CNT sorting, preparing, arrangement, and contacts offer ascent to nonidealities when CNTs are executed in thickly stuffed parallel exhibits, for example, those required for innovation… In every situation, the outcome has been that, though CNTs are at last anticipated that would yield FETs that are more conductive than ordinary semiconductors for rationale applications, CNTs, rather, have failed to meet expectations channel materials, for example, Si, by sixfold or more. In like manner, in RF applications, discouraged on-state conductance and flawed immersion attributes emerging from metallic CNTs and between CNT connections have restricted the most extreme recurrence of wavering and linearity.The paper goes ahead to note how even a solitary metallic CNT can cut off FET (Field Effect Transistor) and result in considerably decreased execution. Building varieties of CNTs at astoundingly high virtue isn't discretionary — it's been a key hindrance that organizations like IBM have tried to tackle for quite a long time. Keeping in mind the end goal to achieve this breakthrough, the Wisconsin group utilizes a procedure it initially talked about in 2014 — skimming evaporative self-get together, as demonstrated below.Here's the means by which the group depicts its findings.CNT cluster FETs are exhibited here with an on-state conductance of 1.7 mS μm−1 and a conductance for every CNT as high as 0.46 G0, which is seven times higher than past best in class CNT cluster FETs made by different strategies. These FETs are nearing the execution of cutting edge single CNT FETs yet in the organization of an exhibit in which semi ballistic transport is all the while driven through numerous, firmly pressed CNTs in parallel, considerably enhancing without a doubt the present drive of the FETs and, consequently, their utility in technologies.The extraordinary execution of the clusters accomplished here is ascribed to the consolidated remarkable arrangement and dividing of the CNTs, the postdeposition treatment of the clusters to evacuate dissolvable deposits and the protecting side chains of the polymers that wrap the CNTs, and the outstanding electronic-sort immaculateness of the semiconducting CNTs managed by the utilization of polyfluorenes as CNT-separating operators. The execution of past CNT cluster FETs has not been as high, likely in light of the fact that these FETs have not all the while met these attributes.The group trusts it has a way ahead to keep enhancing CNT FETs and scaling them up to meet cutting edge semiconductor producing. The trouble of this progression, nonetheless, can't be exaggerated. At this moment, the University of Wisconsin is working with one-crawl square wafers. Conventional wafers are between 200-300mm — immensely bigger than the minor squares of test material that the UW group worked with. The group likewise benchmarked its outcomes against 90nm MOSFETs — keeping in mind that is not an awful decision for a lab test, current semiconductor producing left 90nm behind over ten years ago.If carbon nanotubes could be popularized, it could kickstart semiconductor scaling once more, at any rate for specific applications. Be that as it may, the street between even this leap forward and mass commercialization is still a long one — don't hope to see CNTs shipping in rationale for another 5-10 years, in the event that it ever does. Other specialty applications may discover more prompt advantages. Be that as it may, CPUs and SoCs have a tendency to sit at the very front line of our innovation bend. That makes it nearly troublesome for new innovation to offer sufficiently huge changes to surpass the business.

Male termite pairs will make nests, just as heterosexual termite couples do.

When male termites are single, and no female mates can be found, the guys tend to form homosexual couples in order to survive, a new study finds.These homosexual pairings may give male Japanesetermitesan evolutionary edge, according to new research. Scientists found that when female mates are lacking, male termites will pair up and nest together. Thesesame-sex pairswill even take over a heterosexual couple's nest, killing the resident male so that one can member of the male-male pair can mate with the female, the researchers said.Scientists previously thought homosexual pairings for invertebrates like insects were the result of misrecognition of males as females. However, in the new study, researchers at Kyoto University in Japan found that the male termites in same-sex couplings did not act as if they had mistaken their partner as female.

The 'flicker' of gluons in subatomic smashups

Scientists exploring the dynamic behavior of particles emerging from subatomic smashups at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility for nuclear physics research at DOE's Brookhaven National Laboratory are increasingly interested in the role of gluons. These glue-like particles ordinarilybind quarks within protons and neutrons, and appear to play an outsized role in establishing key particle properties.
It is very accurately known howlarge the average gluon density is inside a proton," Mäntysaari said. "What is not known is exactly where the gluons are located inside the proton. We model the gluons as located around the three valance quarks. Then we control the amount of fluctuations represented in the model by setting how large the gluon clouds are, and how far apart they are from each other."The fluctuations represent the behavior of gluons in particles accelerated to high energies as they are in colliders like RHIC and the LHC. Under those conditions, the gluons are virtual particles that continuously split and recombine, essentially flickeringin and out of existence like fireflies blinking on and off in the nighttime sky.Scientists would like to know if and how these fluctuations affect the behavior of the particles created when protons collide with heavy nuclei, like the gold ions accelerated at RHIC. Data from RHIC's proton-gold collisions, and from the LHC's proton-lead collisions, have shown evidence of"collective phenomena"-particles emergingwith some "knowledge" of one another and in some preferred directions rather than in a uniform fashion. In RHIC and LHC smashups of two large particles (gold-gold or lead-lead), this collective behavior and direction-dependent flow has been explained by the liquid state of quarks and gluons-the "perfect liquid" quark-gluon plasma (QGP)-created in these collisions. But collisions of tiny protons with the larger nuclei aren't supposed to create QGP. And the current understanding of the QGP can't completely explain the experimental results.

New x ray microscopy technique images

An x-ray microscopy recently developed at the department of energy's Lawrence Berkeley National laboratory has given scientists the ability to image nanoscale change inside lithium-ion battery particles as they charge and discharge.
The real time images provide a new way to learn how to improve them. The scientist used the approach to image Micron-sized battery particles as lithium ions migrate in and out of the particles .The images chronic the evolution of the particles chemical composition and reaction rate as a nanoscale spatial resolution and a minute by minute time resolution .
A phenomenon that likely curbs battery performance over time. This and other insight obtained from the imaging technique could help research ers improve batteries for electric vehicles,as well as smart phones,laptops,and other devices.

Today The last solar eclipse of this millennium occurred

The last solar eclipse of this millennium occurred on August 11, 1999. Amateurs and scientists witnessed a truly awesome site. This was a total eclipse, which means the Moon completely covered the Sun. Astronomers had a rare chance to see the Sun's corona , which isn't normally seen because of the intense light from the Sun.

The solar eclipse could be viewed in Europe, the Middle East and India. If you visited one of these areas you should have protected your eyes. Make sure to never look at the Sun directly! Always use one of the approved viewing devices .
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When the Moon passed in front of the Sun, it blocked most of the light that would normally hit Earth in these areas. So, in the middle of the day, the Earth slowly darkened before the Sun was revealed. The entire event took about 2 hours, but because the shadow moves, the average viewer had a 2 minute show. This special event served as more than just a spectacle. Experiments were carried out to study the corona, weather changes and even the effect on Earth's gravity .

In the eclipse photograph on the left, the dark center is the disk of the Moon as it passes between the Earth and the Sun. The beautiful white coronal
streamers extending out from the Sun (seen on the left and right of the black lunar disk) are a commonly observed feature during eclipses. When there is no eclipse, these features cannot be seen because the blinding light of the
photosphere overwhelms the scattered light from the corona.

New antibiotic found in Human nose

A new antibiotic that has quite literally,emerged from the human nose.The compound is produced by one species of nose dwelling bacterium to kill another microbe ,which kill thousands of people every year.Researchers formed a new concept of finding antibiotics,"Andrea peschel , a bacteriologist at the university of Tubingen in Germany.
Every third person carries a bacterium called staphylococcus aureus in the nose.The bacteria s.aureus is harmless,it causes severe life threatening ,disease for instance when it get into an open wound and causes sepsis.
S.aureus is a notorious hospital dweller, and in drug resistance from known as MRSA(for methicillian resistant staphylococcus aureus ) is a major public health problem ,killing more than 10,000 people a year in the United states alone.

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Quantum processor- single photons

Physics from quantum dynamic division of professor Gerhard Rempe(Director at the Max Planck institute of Quantum optics) have realize a photon-photon logic gate via a deterministic with a strongly coupled atom resonator system.
"The distinct feature of our gate implementation is that the interaction between the photon is deterministic" said Dr.Stephan Ritter .It is essential

for using more complex applications like Scalable quantum Network or Global quantum Network.
In modern computer ,data processing is based on information by using logic gates whereas quantum computer information processing only.Every input quantum bit can cause a maximal change of others quantum bit.special importance of photon is information carrier.
To encode photonic bits is the use of polarisation state of single photon. The states"0" and "1" of a classical bit correspond polarisat

Could using your phone at night cause blindness?

Gazing at your smartphone in the dark may result in transient blindness, according to a recent study. This comes as a warning to people who sleep beside their smartphones.

The researchers have found two women transient smartphone blindness, a condition where they went blind in one eye after gazing at smartphones in the dark. The condition usually strikes between the ages of 50 and 70 - but scientists say an increasing number of young people are suffering from it and smartphones could be to blame.

Experts say starring at devices, such as phones and tablet computers, can put unnecessary strain on a person's eyes. Phone and tablet screens display light in a predominantly blue hue, and it’s now thought that the blue light emitted by these screens actually tricks our brain into waking up, when it really needs to fall asleep.

New research has found that night time exposure to the blue light that is emitted from our screens could hurt our eyes on a retinal level. High energy blue light waves easily penetrate the macular pigment found in the eye, which is responsible for clear vision. In practical terms this means your ability to do things like read or drive could be affected.

To delay the deterioration of our eyesight, we should refrain from using bright screens in the dark where possible. Leave laptops and tablets aside when it's time for bed, and turn off your phone for the night. Eat more fruits and vegetables, specifically ones that have been found to be beneficial to eye health such as blueberries, cranberries, or strawberries, or take supplements designed to help maintain eye health.

Imaging at the speed of light

Researchers have improved a new camera technology that can image at speeds about 100 times faster than today's commercial cameras while also capturing more image frames.
The researchers reported on a new method that improves the resolution and quality of images captured with CUP. They capturing the picoseconds laser pulse travelling through the air.
Using the new camera with a microscope could allow them to watch neurons fires by capturing extremely fast chemical process called action potentials. They can travel through an axon at speeds that can reach more than 100 metres per second

3-D printing with metals

   The Researchers team from the university of Twente has found a way to 3D print structures of copper and gold ,by stacking small metal droplets.These droplets are made by melting a thin metal film using a pulsed laser.
    3-D printing is also referred as"New cornerstone of the manufacturing industry"It is limited to plastics. We know that the metals conduct electricity and heat .
   Therefore ,3-D printing in metals would allow manufacturing of entirely new devices and  components such as small cooling elements or connection between stacked on smartphone
  A copper micro pillar with a height of 0.86millimeters and a width  of 0.005mm.The pillars is formed from drops that had a dia of 0.001mm

Triple external quantum efficients-New material TADF

   TADF is the expansion of thermally activated Delayed fluorescence process in OLED devices. It displays emissions of light in colors from green to deep-red through Intersystem crossing from the singlet to the triplet excitons,a world first.
   OLEDS is the organic light emitting diodes has greatly advanced. OLEDS application such as smart phones,lightning,and flat panel displays.It contain rare material such as Platinum and iridium because of their efficiency and stability. The cost is very high.
    It is the recombinantion of electron and holes in the active material lead to the formation of various excited state such as singlet and triplet excitons

High precision quantum ruler

Scientist have developed a method which allows to measure large distance with accuracy comparable to an atomic size.The method is similar to one used in LIGO and relied on an interference of NOON photon states It enables to produce a high precision ruler capable of measuring large distance to an accuracy of billionth of a metre.

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Quantum bounds not so quantum after all

  The Researchers performed three classical experiment with that correspond to three famous quantum experiments involved quantum bonds.Quantum bounds are numbers such as 4,6,and 2√2 that naturally appear in quantum experiments, similar to how the number π emerge in circles.
     But just as how π popups in a wide variety of areas beyond of circles ,in a new study physicists have found that quantum bounds are not exclusive to quantum theory but also emerge in purely classical experiments.
    The maximum violation of a quantum inequality is the quantum bound. The quantum bounds arise from probability distribution in the experiment and are specific number for instance ,the Bell inequality has a quantum bound of 2√2 which is known as Tsirelson method.
     The result suggest that attempt to define quantumness should not be concerned with quantum bounds ,since there is nothing inherently quantum about them.

3-D structures built out of metal

     Researches have developed three dimensional structure out of liquid metal. Dr.Michael Dickey " It is difficult to create structure out of liquids,because liquids wants to be ads up.But we have found that a liquid metal alloy of gallium and indium reacts with oxygen in the air at room temperature to form a 'skin'that allow the liquid metal structure to retain the shape"
             The researchers developed multiple techniques for creating these structure ,which can be used to connect electronic components in three dimensions .white it is the relatively straight forward to pattern the metal "in plane". The meaning of in plane is all on same level.These liquid structure can also from shapes that reach up or down.
            One technique involves stacking droplets of liquid metal on top of each  other ,must like a stack on oranges at the supermarket. Another technique injects liquid metal into polymer templates, so that the metal takes in a specific value.

Magnetic vortex control electron spin

Researcher coupled a diamond nanoparticles with a magnetic vortex to control electron spin in Nitrogen vacancy defects. It is possible for building quantum computer that are more faster powerful than today's supercomputer.
Researcher have searched for materials, electric fields can mimic effects of a magnetic field. It fabricated with magnetic micro disk that have no north and south on a bar magnet ,but magnetize into a vortex.

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Nanodrum

Nanodrum can be used for next generation ICT,by the Nonlinear effect in grapheme membrane.The application of grapheme membrane ,mechanical resonators in telecommunications. The graphene membrane is white in colour, oscillates at three frequencies. The central mode is green in colour and it is transfer to energy from fundamental mode (blue)to the highest frequency model(red),hence it effectively cooling the former.

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NIST-4 Watt Balance

NIST(National institute of standard and technology has just scientist a critical step closer towards a new and improved the definition of the scale.
NIST-4 watt scale measuring the Planck constant, to demonstrate the scale is accurate to enough the redefinition of the kilogram.

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Quantum friction-ultra cold atoms

The friction afflicts certain arrangements of atoms in a (BEC) Bose-Einestein condensate ,a quantum states of matter. In this state, the magnetic fields cause the atoms to attract each other and form a single composite particle known as soliton. Soliton means composed of photons rather than atoms and it is used for communication over optical fibres.

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